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Objectives: Study the serum S100 levels in patients with cerebral infarction in acute phase and the value of the S100 and a number of factors in survival prognosis. Subjects and Methods: We investigated 84 patients with cerebral infarction hospitalized in the ICU Department, Hue Central Hospital and 84 healthy controls. Quantifying serum S100 by polarized immunofluorescence assay using Cobas 6000 at Hue Central Hospital. Collecting data through medical records of cerebral infarction patients. Descriptive cross-sectional study. Data processing using medical statistics, with SPSS 19.0 software. Results: Median of S100 in case group was 0.341 (95%CI: 0.206 – 0.616), in control group was 0.059 (95% CI: 0.048 – 0.068). S100 cut- off point > 0.218 have the highest death prognosis value, with the sensitivity of 83.9%, specificity of 58.5%, the area under the curve (ROC) was 0.737. Glasgow Coma Scale (OR = 0.675, 95% CI: 0.463 - 0.984, p <0.05) and NIHSS (OR = 1.148, 95% CI: 1.026 - 1.283, p <0.05) are independent factors with statistical significance in mortality prognosis in patients with cerebral infarction. Conclusions: S100 increased in patients with cerebral infarction. S100 was not a independent factor in survival prognosis. We should combine with Glasgow coma scale and NIHSS scale to predict mortality

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