Tóm tắt

Hospital infections, also known as hospital-acquired infections or HAIs, are infections that are acquired during hospital stay (usually from 48 hours after admission); and are not present, nor in the incubation period at the time of admission. There are many risk factors that are associated with hospital infections, these include: age, sex, time of stay in hospital, basic diseases, invasive procedures, the hospital environment, and the use of antibiotics. Many pathogens are capable of causing hospital infections, but they are mostly bacterial. A survey of 19 hospitals nationwide in 2005 found that the majority of hospital infections are caused by Gram-negative bacteria (78%), 19% were gram-positive, and 3% were Candida spp. In recent years, many bacteria have become drug-resistant, these are typically bacteria such as Acinetorbacter baumanni, Klebsiella spp. and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Multidrug-resistant infections can become a threat to society, and especially to the hospital environment. Hospital infections are a substantial problem, and are a challenge not only for the health sector in our country, but also for physicians all over the world. Hospital infections cause unwanted consequences in the care and treatment of patients, such as: increased morbidity, increased mortality, prolonged duration of treatment; and especially, increases in the cost of treatment; and the creation of drug-resistant bacteria and emerging new pathogens.

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